Groundwater accounts for about 30% of the planet’s freshwater supply, providing a vital resource for more than 2 billion people worldwide, according to data from the United Nations (UN). In addition to being a crucial source of drinking water, these reserves also play an essential role in maintaining ecosystems and mitigating climate change through their relationship with carbon projects.
Initiatives such as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), which aims to reduce emissions by up to 10% globally by 2030, according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), not only protect forests, but also help preserve underground aquifers. Studies show that forested areas can contribute up to 70% of aquifer recharge in tropical regions.
In agriculture, sustainable practices are essential for protecting groundwater. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), it is estimated that 70% of freshwater withdrawn in the world is used for agricultural irrigation, and the adoption of efficient irrigation techniques could reduce this consumption by up to 30%. In carbon projects, promoting such practices not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but also conserves groundwater, which is essential for the sustainability of rural communities.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), reforestation projects, which capture approximately 25% of carbon dioxide emitted globally, also play a significant role in recharging aquifers. In regions where vegetation has been restored, rainwater infiltration into the soil can increase by up to 50%, directly contributing to the recovery of groundwater reserves.
Groundwater management is also crucial in industrial and mining activities, sectors responsible for around 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. Contamination of these water resources by human activities can significantly increase the emission of methane and other harmful gases, making rigorous environmental management a priority in carbon projects. In the energy sector, hydroelectric projects, which account for around 16% of global electricity production, can also impact groundwater resources. Studies indicate that the construction of dams can alter the flow of groundwater, highlighting the need for detailed environmental assessments to mitigate these impacts.
With demand for water expected to increase by up to 55% by 2050, according to the United Nations World Water Development Report, protecting groundwater becomes increasingly crucial. Integrating efficient management of these resources into carbon projects not only helps reduce emissions, but also ensures the sustainability of water resources for future generations.
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